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Jakarta Surpasses All as World’s Most Populous Capital in 2025

Source: Jakarta world’s most populous capital with 42 million people: UN report (2025-11-24)

Jakarta, Indonesia, has officially become the world’s most populous capital city, with a staggering 42 million residents, according to the latest United Nations report. This milestone underscores the rapid urbanization trend shaping the 21st century, with more than 45% of the global population now living in cities. Since 1950, urban populations have more than doubled, and by 2050, it is projected that two-thirds of humanity will reside in urban areas, fueling unprecedented growth in megacities worldwide. The number of megacities—urban areas with populations exceeding 10 million—has increased fourfold from just 8 in 1975 to 33 in 2025, with over half located in Asia. This urban explosion presents both opportunities and challenges, including infrastructure development, environmental sustainability, and social equity. Recent facts that deepen understanding of this trend include: 1. **Urban Population Growth**: The global urban population has grown from 20% in 1950 to 55% in 2025, reflecting a shift towards city living. 2. **Megacity Expansion**: The rise of megacities has been driven by rural-to-urban migration, economic opportunities, and technological advancements. 3. **Environmental Impact**: Urban areas contribute significantly to global carbon emissions, with cities accounting for approximately 70% of greenhouse gases. 4. **Smart City Initiatives**: Many megacities are adopting smart technologies to improve infrastructure, reduce pollution, and enhance quality of life. 5. **Urban Challenges**: Rapid growth has led to issues such as traffic congestion, housing shortages, and increased demand for sustainable energy solutions. 6. **Economic Powerhouses**: Megacities like Tokyo, Shanghai, and Mumbai are now central to global finance, innovation, and cultural exchange. 7. **Population Density**: Jakarta’s population density exceeds 30,000 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most densely populated urban areas globally. 8. **Resilience and Adaptation**: Cities are investing in flood defenses, green spaces, and resilient infrastructure to combat climate change impacts. 9. **Health and Social Services**: Urban health systems are under pressure, prompting innovations in telemedicine and community health programs. 10. **Future Projections**: By 2030, it is estimated that over 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas, emphasizing the need for sustainable urban planning. This rapid urbanization trend is reshaping global demographics, economies, and environments. Policymakers, urban planners, and communities must collaborate to harness the benefits of urban growth while mitigating its challenges. The rise of Jakarta as the most populous capital exemplifies the shifting landscape of global urban centers, highlighting the importance of sustainable development strategies to ensure resilient, inclusive, and environmentally friendly cities for future generations.

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