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Unveiling the True Origins of European Domestic Cats

Source: Domestic Cats Were Introduced to Europe around 2,000 Years Ago, Probably from North Africa: Study (2025-11-29)

A groundbreaking genetic study reveals that domestic cats arrived in Europe approximately 2,000 years ago, originating from North Africa, challenging previous beliefs of a Neolithic introduction. This research, led by scientists from the University of Rome Tor Vergata, analyzed the genomes of 87 ancient and modern cats from archaeological sites across Europe and Anatolia. Their findings suggest that cats were not domesticated in the Levant or Egypt as once thought, but rather migrated into Europe later, likely accompanying trade routes and human migrations during the Roman Empire and subsequent periods. In addition to this pivotal discovery, recent facts highlight the complex history of feline domestication and migration. For instance, genetic evidence indicates that the African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica) is the primary ancestor of all domestic cats, with domestication events dating back around 9,000 years in the Near East. Moreover, archaeological findings from Cyprus and the Mediterranean islands show early evidence of cats living alongside humans as early as 7500 BCE, suggesting a long-standing relationship predating their arrival in Europe. Recent studies also reveal that the spread of domestic cats was facilitated by maritime trade, especially during the Roman and Islamic periods, which helped establish their presence across Eurasia. Furthermore, modern genetic analyses demonstrate that the diversity of domestic cat breeds today reflects multiple waves of migration and interbreeding, influenced by human activity and trade networks. The role of cats in controlling rodent populations has historically contributed to their spread, especially on ships and in port cities. Interestingly, recent research indicates that the genetic makeup of European cats shows significant influence from North African lineages, supporting the new timeline of introduction. Lastly, ongoing studies are exploring how climate change and urbanization continue to impact feral and domestic cat populations worldwide, emphasizing their adaptability and importance in ecosystems. This comprehensive understanding of domestic cats' history not only reshapes our knowledge of their migration patterns but also underscores their enduring bond with humans, spanning thousands of years and continents. As research advances, we gain deeper insights into how these enigmatic creatures have adapted to diverse environments, reflecting their resilience and the complex history of human-animal relationships.

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